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南宁师范大学综合英语考研真题详解——才聪学习网

??1. Derivational morpheme contrasts sharply with inflectional morpheme in that the former changes the _____ while the latter does not.(北二外2017研)

A. meaning

B. word class

C. form

D. speech sound

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】morpheme语素,分为自由语素和黏着语素,其中黏着语素包括词根和词缀两种类型,词缀分为派生词缀(derivational affixes)和屈折词缀(inflectional affixes)。派生词缀黏附在词根语素上构成新词,也即增加了新的词汇义内容或改变了词的类别归属。屈折词缀只能改变一个词的形式,不能构成新词。也即屈折词缀增加的是表示句法范畴的意义,并且总是不改变词的类别归属。即两者重要区别在于是否改变了词的类别,故B为正确答案。

2. Which of the following are homographs?(对外经贸2015)

A. lead, lead

B. rest, wrest

C. lie, lie

D. beat, bit

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】homographs同形异义词,指在语法形式上拼写和发音完全相同,而意义不同的词。lie“躺着”,还有“说谎”的意思,所以C选项中两个词是同形异义词。

3. _____ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world experience.(西安交大2008研)

A. Reference

B. Concept

C. Semantics

D. Sense

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】指称指拥有某些属性的具体实体,它处理的是语言元素与非语言世界的关系。

4. There are generally three kinds of sense relations recognized, sameness relation, oppositeness relation and inclusiveness relation. They are represented by ______ respectively.(大连外国语学院2008研)

A. synonymy, antonymy, and hyponymy

B. synonymy, hyponymy, and antonymy

C. antonymy, synonymy, and hyponymy

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】有三种涵义关系,分别为同义关系,反义关系和上下义关系。

5. Which of the following best states the behaviorist view, of child language acquisition?(北二外2015研)

A. Language acquisition is a process of habit formation.

B. Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings.

C. Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language.

D. Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use.

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】本题考查儿童语言习得的行为主义观点。行为主义观点认为语言习得是通过刺激-强化所形成习惯的过程。选项C是天赋假说的观点。

Unit 1

一、词汇短语

Text 1

Vocabulary

vain [vein] adj.无益的,徒劳的;自负的;爱虚荣的

n.徒劳,白费

【例句】Trying to persuade him is a vain attempt. 试图说服他是徒劳的。

【词组】in vain/vain efforts徒劳

【助记】男:“我爱你”。女:“无效的”。

approach [E5prEutF] n.方法,步骤,途径;探讨

vt.接近,靠近;动手处理;找…商量

vi.靠近

【例句】This approach has many problems. 这条思路有许多问题。

【词组】make an approach to 对…进行探讨

approach with 以…方式处理;向…提出建议

【助记】源自pro: 支持,正面,优点,肯定;音:阿婆肉吃,阿婆有肉吃,大家都接近靠近阿婆等着吃。

【派生】approachable adj.亲切的;可接近的

rehearse [ri5hE:s] v.排练,排演;讲述(某事物),(尤指)自述,背诵;(通过排演)指导或训练(某人)

【例句】He rehearsed his speech last night. 他昨晚练习了他的讲演。

【助记】排演热(re)门戏,听(hear)着瑟(se)声起。

【派生】rehearsal n.排演;预演;练习;训练;叙述

autograph [5C:tE^rB:f] n.亲笔,手稿;亲笔签

vt.亲笔签名于…;亲笔书写

【例句】①Tina got Jake Dean’s autograph. 蒂娜得到了詹克蒂恩的亲笔签名。

②I autographed a copy of one of my books. 我在我的一本书上签了名。

【词组】ask for a person’s autograph请某人签名

【派生】autographic adj.亲笔的,亲笔写成的

award [E5wC:d] n.奖,奖品;仲裁

vt.授予,奖给;判定

【例句】He was awarded a gold cup in acknowledgment of his creative achievements for the development of the company.

公司奖给他一个金杯,以感谢他为公司发展所做出的创造性成就。

boring [5bC:riN] n.钻孔

adj.令人厌烦的,乏味的,无聊的

【例句】John Wilkinson invented a new kind of boring machine in 1775. 约翰·威尔金森在1775年发明了新型钻孔机。

attendance [E5tendEns] n.照顾;出席,出席次(人)数;护理,照料

【例句】She is in attendance on the sick man. 她在照顾病人。

【词组】attendance at 出席

in attendance 出席;值班;负责

attendance rate 出勤率

【助记】attend(出席)+ance(名词后缀)

geography [dVi5C^rEfi] n.地理学,地理;地形

【例句】In our geography class, we are learning about rivers. 我们正在地理课上学习有关河流的知识。

oppose [E5pEuz] v.反对,(使)反抗,抗争

【例句】He got angry when I opposed his plan. 当我反对他的计划时,他很生气。

【词组】be opposed to sth./ doing sth. 反对做某事

【助记】op(相反)+pose(放)→处于相反的

【派生】opposite adj.相反的;对面的;对立的

opposite n.对立面;反义词

opposition n.反对;反对派;在野党;敌对

totally [5tRt(E)lI] adv.统统;完全

【例句】The rampart was destroyed totally. 壁垒被彻底摧毁了。

【词组】totally different 完全不同

【派生】totality n.全体;总数

humble [5hQmbl] adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的

v.使谦卑;贬低,降低

【例句】He rose from humble origins to prime minister. 他出身卑微,后来成了首相。

【词组】to humble oneself 自卑,低声下气

to humble one’s heart 谦恭,温顺

【助记】hum(human)+ble(联想:able)→人能做的是谦虚。

field [fi:ld] n.田野;运动场;领域,范围;(电或磁)场

vi.担任场外队员

adj.扫描场;田赛的;野生的

vt.把暴晒于场上;使上场

【例句】Our field of vision is limited by that tall building. 我们的视野受到了那座高层建筑物的限制。

settle [5setl] v.安定,安顿;停息;定居;解决,调停

【例句】Having settled things, he began to think over the next subject. 把事情安顿好之后,他开始考虑下一个课题。

【词组】settle down定居;平静下来

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